浅谈如何正确使用直流高压发生器的方法

正确(que)使(shi)用直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)高(gao)压发生(sheng)器(qi)(qi)的方法尽管试(shi)验人员(yuan)穿绝(jue)缘鞋，直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)高(gao)压发生(sheng)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)200kv及以上时。且处在(zai)平安(an)距离以外(wai)区(qu)域，但由于高(gao)压直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)离子空间电(dian)场分布的影响，会使(shi)几个邻近站立的人体上带有不同的直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)位。试(shi)验人员(yuan)不要(yao)互(hu)相握手或用手接触接地(di)体等，否则会有轻微电(dian)击现(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，此现(xian)(xian)象(xiang)在(zai)干燥地(di)区(qu)和冬季较(jiao)为明(ming)显，但由于能(neng)量较(jiao)小，一般不会对人体造成伤害。
　　
　　并在(zai)工作电(dian)源进入试验器前加装两(liang)个(ge)(ge)明显(xian)(xian)断(duan)开(kai)点。当更换试品和接(jie)线时，首先(xian)使用(yong)本仪器请用(yong)户必(bi)需按《电(dian)力(li)安规(gui)》168条(tiao)规(gui)定。应先(xian)将两(liang)个(ge)(ge)电(dian)源断(duan)开(kai)点明显(xian)(xian)断(duan)开(kai)。
　　
　　一点接(jie)(jie)地(di)。试验前请(qing)检查所有试验接(jie)(jie)线、控制箱(xiang)、倍(bei)压(ya)筒和试品的(de)接(jie)(jie)地(di)线是否接(jie)(jie)好。试验回路接(jie)(jie)地(di)线应按(an)本说明书所示(shi)。
　　
　　应(ying)先将放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)棒(bang)逐渐接近试(shi)品，对大电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)试(shi)品的(de)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)应(ying)用zs放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻棒(bang)对试(shi)品放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)时不能将放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)棒(bang)立即接触试(shi)品。一定距离空气间隙开(kai)始游(you)离放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，有嘶嘶声，当无声音时可用放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)棒(bang)放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，zui后直接接上地线放(fang)(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
　　
　　则必需人为将电源(yuan)有(you)一点(dian)与大地联接(jie)。rx系列(lie)直流(liu)高压发生器控制箱电源(yuan)为交流(liu)ac220v±10%50hz如果电源(yuan)经(jing)1/1隔离(li)变或现场(chang)用自发电源(yuan)。
　　
　　请务(wu)必(bi)要落(luo)实到位。怎样更好(hao)的使(shi)用(yong)直流(liu)高压发生器呢?以上是对使(shi)用(yong)人员(yuan)的zui基本要求。
　　
　　使用(yong)前准(zhun)备：
　　
　　联接(jie)电缆线不应有(you)断(duan)路(lu)和(he)短路(lu),直流发生器在使用(yong)前应检(jian)查其完(wan)好(hao)性.设备无(wu)破裂等损坏。
　　
　　分(fen)别联接(jie)好电(dian)源线(xian)、电(dian)缆线(xian)和接(jie)地(di)(di)线(xian)。维护接(jie)地(di)(di)线(xian)与工作接(jie)地(di)(di)线(xian)以(yi)及放电(dian)棒的接(jie)地(di)(di)线(xian)均应单独接(jie)到试品(pin)的地(di)(di)线(xian)上(即一点接(jie)地(di)(di))严禁(jin)各接(jie)地(di)(di)线(xian)相互串联使(shi)用,将机(ji)箱、倍压(ya)筒放置(zhi)到合适(shi)的平安的位置(zhi).以(yi)免击(ji)(ji)穿时地(di)(di)电(dian)位抬高形成反(fan)击(ji)(ji),损(sun)坏仪器。
　　
　　并检(jian)查调压电(dian)位(wei)器(qi)应在(zai)零位(wei)上,检(jian)查电(dian)源开关(guan)是否在(zai)关(guan)断的(de)位(wei)置上.过电(dian)压维护(hu)整定拨(bo)盘开关(guan)设置在(zai)适(shi)当(dang)的(de)位(wei)置上,一般为(wei)1.101.20倍(bei)测试(shi)电(dian)压值。
　　
　　空载升压验证过电压维(wei)护(hu)整定值
　　
　　50hz.接(jie)通电源开关,请(qing)认准(zhun)电源是单相交(jiao)流220v.此(ci)时绿灯亮,表示电源接(jie)通。
　　
　　则红(hong)灯亮,按红(hong)色按钮.表示高压接(jie)通(tong)。
　　
　　输(shu)出端即从零开始(shi)升(sheng)压。升(sheng)到所需的电(dian)压后,顺时针(zhen)方(fang)向平缓(huan)调节调压电(dian)位器粗调和(he)细调.按规定时间记(ji)录电(dian)流表读数(shu),并检(jian)查控制(zhi)(zhi)箱及输(shu)出电(dian)缆有无异常现象及声响。必要时用外接高压分压器校准控制(zhi)(zhi)箱上的直流高压指示(shi)。
　　
　　将调压电位器回零后,降压.随后按(an)绿色按(an)钮,切断(duan)高压并关闭(bi)电源开关。
　　
　　对试品进行泄漏(lou)及(ji)直流(liu)耐压试验(yan)
　　
　　将高压(ya)屏(ping)蔽微(wei)安表(biao)安装到(dao)高压(ya)倍压(ya)筒(tong)上(shang)的高压(ya)输出端上(shang),做负(fu)载试验前.并将配套(tao)的屏(ping)蔽线分(fen)别接到(dao)微(wei)安表(biao)上(shang)和被试品上(shang)(详细(xi)请见高压(ya)屏(ping)蔽微(wei)安表(biao)使用说(shuo)明书)
　　
　　接(jie)地线(xian)联(lian)接(jie)是(shi)否可靠,检查(cha)仪器、放电棒、倍(bei)压筒、试品(pin)联(lian)接(jie)线(xian)、接(jie)地线(xian)是(shi)否正(zheng)确.检查(cha)高(gao)压平安距(ju)离是(shi)否符合要求,方可开始进行(xing)试品(pin)的高(gao)压试验。
　　
　　接(jie)通单相交(jiao)流(liu)220v电源(yuan)开关,检查确认仪器等(deng)无异常情况后.此(ci)时绿灯亮,表示电源(yuan)接(jie)通。可(ke)开始(shi)进(jin)行试(shi)(shi)品的直流(liu)泄(xie)漏和直流(liu)耐(nai)压试(shi)(shi)验。
　　
　　则红灯(deng)亮,按红色按钮(niu).表示高压接通,待升高压。
　　
　　输出端即(ji)从(cong)零开始升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)压。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)压速度以(yi)每秒3-5kv上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)试(shi)验电(dian)压为宜。对(dui)于(yu)大电(dian)容试(shi)品升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)压时(shi)(shi)更(geng)要缓(huan)慢升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)压,顺(shun)时(shi)(shi)针方向平缓(huan)调(diao)节调(diao)压电(dian)位器粗调(diao)和细调(diao).否则可能(neng)导致电(dian)压过冲,还需(xu)监视电(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)充(chong)电(dian)电(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)不逾越直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)发生器的(de)zui大充(chong)电(dian)电(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。当升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)所需(xu)的(de)电(dian)压或电(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)后,按规定时(shi)(shi)间记录电(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)及电(dian)压表(biao)的(de)读(du)数。
　　
　　降压,试验完毕后.将调压电(dian)位器(qi)粗调和细调回零后,随(sui)后按绿色按钮,切断高压并(bing)关闭电(dian)源开(kai)关。
　　
　　应用(yong)放电棒对试(shi)品进行(xing)多(duo)次放电,试(shi)验(yan)完(wan)毕后.放电后方可靠近试(shi)品和拆线工作(放电请详细见放电棒使用(yong)说明书(shu))
　　
　　再用细(xi)调(diao)电(dian)(dian)位(wei)器(qi)缓缓升(sheng)(sheng)压(ya)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)所需的电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(电(dian)(dian)流(liu))值(zhi),对小电(dian)(dian)容试品如(ru)氧化锌(xin)避(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)、磁(ci)吹避(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)等先用粗调(diao)升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)所需电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(电(dian)(dian)流(liu))90%.然(ran)后从数显表上读出电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(电(dian)(dian)流(liu))数值(zhi)。如(ru)需对氧化锌(xin)避(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)进(jin)行75%vdc-1ma丈量时(shi),应先升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1ma时(shi)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)值(zhi)停止(这时(shi)可记录(lu)电(dian)(dian)压(ya)、电(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)),然(ran)后按(an)下(xia)黄色(se)按(an)钮(niu)(niu),电(dian)(dian)压(ya)即降(jiang)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)原来的75%,并坚持此状态。此时(shi)可读取微安(an)表数值(zhi)及电(dian)(dian)压(ya)值(zhi)。丈量完毕后,调(diao)压(ya)电(dian)(dian)位(wei)器(qi)逆时(shi)针回到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)零位(wei),按(an)下(xia)绿(lv)色(se)按(an)钮(niu)(niu),需再次升(sheng)(sheng)压(ya)时(shi)按(an)红(hong)色(se)按(an)钮(niu)(niu)即可。
　　
　　升(sheng)压(ya)应更要(yao)(yao)缓慢(man),对大电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容试品(pin)时(shi).并需要(yao)(yao)监视电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流表充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不逾越发(fa)生器的(de)zui大充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流,一定要(yao)(yao)放慢(man)升(sheng)压(ya)速度,防止充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流过大。试验完(wan)毕后(hou),将电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)调(diao)节(jie)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)器逆时(shi)针回到零位(wei)上,随后(hou)按绿(lv)色按钮(niu),切断高(gao)压(ya)。此时(shi)注意电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)表上的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)降到15kv左右,方可用放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)棒进行(xing)多次(ci)放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),确保(bao)平安。
　　
　　怎样更好的使用直流高压发生器(qi)呢?下面我以氧化(hua)锌避雷器(qi)的试(shi)验(yan)(yan)为(wei)实例(li)讲讲具(ju)体的试(shi)验(yan)(yan)过程：
　　
　　当接(jie)好线后,一(yi)般丈量时(shi).先(xian)把联接(jie)试品的线悬(xuan)空,升(sheng)到(dao)(dao)试验(yan)电压(ya)后,读(du)取空试时(shi)的电晕和杂散电流i′,然后接(jie)上试品升(sheng)到(dao)(dao)试验(yan)电压(ya),读(du)取总(zong)电流i1
　　
　　试品(pin)泄漏(lou)电流:i0=i1-i′
　　
　　应(ying)在高压(ya)(ya)(ya)回路中串接高压(ya)(ya)(ya)屏(ping)(ping)蔽微(wei)安表应(ying)采用(yong)屏(ping)(ping)蔽线(xian)(xian)与(yu)试(shi)品(pin)联(lian)接,当需要精密(mi)丈量被试(shi)品(pin)的(de)(de)泄漏电(dian)流时.高压(ya)(ya)(ya)引线(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)屏(ping)(ping)蔽引出应(ying)与(yu)仪表端(duan)的(de)(de)屏(ping)(ping)蔽紧(jin)密(mi)联(lian)接。如果(guo)要排除(chu)试(shi)品(pin)外表泄漏电(dian)流的(de)(de)影响,可在试(shi)品(pin)高电(dian)位端(duan)用(yong)裸金(jin)属软(ruan)线(xian)(xian)紧(jin)密(mi)绕几圈(quan)后与(yu)高压(ya)(ya)(ya)引线(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)屏(ping)(ping)蔽相联(lian)接
　　
　　也(ye)可采用在试品(pin)(pin)的(de)底对氧化(hua)锌避(bi)雷器、磁(ci)吹避(bi)雷器等试品(pin)(pin)接地端可分开的(de)情况下.
　　
　　但也必需(xu)使用屏蔽线。当要排除试品(pin)外表泄漏电(dian)(dian)流的(de)影响,部(地电(dian)(dian)位侧)串(chuan)入电(dian)(dian)流表进行(xing)丈量的(de)方式.可(ke)用软的(de)裸(luo)铜线在试品(pin)地电(dian)(dian)位端绕(rao)上(shang)几圈(quan)与屏蔽
　　
　　尊敬(jing)的(de)客(ke)户(hu)：
　　
　　感(gan)谢(xie)您关注(zhu)我们(men)的(de)产品(pin)，本公(gong)司(si)除(chu)了有(you)此产品(pin)介(jie)绍以(yi)外，还有(you)绝(jue)缘(yuan)梯,高压(ya)绝(jue)缘(yuan)垫(dian),电缆故障测试(shi)(shi)仪(yi),高压(ya)测量仪(yi),绝(jue)缘(yuan)靴(xue)手套(tao)耐(nai)压(ya)试(shi)(shi)验装(zhuang)置(zhi),电力(li)安全工器具柜(ju)等(deng)等(deng)的(de)介(jie)绍，您如果(guo)对(dui)我们(men)的(de)产品(pin)有(you)兴趣(qu)，咨询。谢(xie)谢(xie)!